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The results from this study illustrate the wide variation in the scales of interpretation offered by different

Palaeolithic sites. For example, the ne grained deposits at Boxgrove and Lynford allow for detailed discus-

sion and understanding of human behaviour within a palaeolandscape. Data from the Boxgrove analysis

supports previous work in emphasising the primacy of hominin communities at this location (Pope and

Roberts, 2005, Roberts and Partt, 1999). Analysis of the Lynford fauna, however, identied no evidence

of hominin modication or habitual mammoth-hunting at this location (contra Schreve, 2006). The sites of

Swanscombe and Hoxne provide a cautionary tale in using faunal remains from uvial locations particu-

larly in terms of poorly understood context with little temporal denition. The data from these sites will be

contextualised further through comparison with published sites from Northwestern Europe, including new

and ongoing work on the fauna from La Cotte de St Brelade.

This study questioned whether faunal remains from deposits that also contain lithic tools are de facto associ-

ated. As archaeologists we must be aware of the different scales of interpretation that can be discussed and

detailed. This study highlights similarities and differences in human land use and meat-procurement behav-

iour across northern Europe. Importantly this work emphasises that hunting and scavenging can no longer

be seen as either end of a spectrum of behaviour but rather as a continuum.

References:

Pope, M. & Roberts, M. B. 2005. Observations on the relationship between Palaeolithic individuals and

artefact scatters at the Middle Pleistocene site of Boxgrove, UK. In: Gamble, C. & Porr, M. (eds.)

The Hominid individual in context: Archaeological investigations of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic

landscapes, locales and artefacts. London: Routledge.

Roberts, M. B. & Partt, S. 1999. Human modication of faunal remains. In: Roberts, M. B. & Partt, S. (eds.)

Boxgrove: A Middle Pleistocene hominid site at Eartham Quarry, Boxgrove, West Sussex: English

Heritage.

Schreve, D. C. 2006. The taphonomy of a Middle Devensian (MIS 3) vertebrate assemblage from Lynford,

Norfolk, UK, and its implications for Middle Palaeolithic subsistence strategies. Journal of Quater-

nary Science, 21, 543-556.

✉ Department of Palaeolithic Research of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmusem, Schloss Monrepos, 56567

Neuwied, geoffr[email protected]

Mareike Stahlschmidt

, Christopher E. Miller

, Bertrand Ligouis

, Gerlinde Bigga

, Franceso Berna

, Paul Goldberg

, Jordi

Serangeli

, Nicholas J. Conard

Geoarchaeological investigation into the site formation processes at Schöningen 13 II-4: purported

replaces and depositional environment

The site of Schöningen 13 II-4 in northern Germany is well known for its archaeological remains of sev-

eral wooden spears and butchered horse remains from the Middle Pleistocene. The site has been interpreted

as being located at a lakeshore which was dry during hominin occupation and afterwards quickly protected

by rising water levels, explaining the excellent preservation of the site. Furthermore, reddened sediments

were detected and interpreted as possible replaces (Thieme 1997, 1999). The use and control of re is

often anticipated for the peopling of northern Europe and would have played a signicant role in hominin

adaptations, but evidence in the archaeological record of this age is sparse (Roebroeks & Villa 2011). Schö-

ningen presents one of the oldest sites with evidence for combustion features in northern Europe. Micro-

morphological analysis, organic petrology, FTIR and botanical analysis provide high-resolution insights into

the formation of these reddened features and the depositional environment of the site.

References:

Roebroeks, W. and P. Villa (2011). On the earliest evidence for habitual use of re in Europe. PNAS 108:

5209–5214.

Thieme, H. (1997), Lower palaeolithic hunting spears from Germany. Nature 385: 807-810.

Thieme, H. (1999), Altpaläolithische Holzgeräte aus Schöningen, Lkr. Helmstedt – Bedeutsame Funde zur

Kulturentwicklung des früheren Menschen. Germania 77: 451-487.

✉

Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen

Archaeology Department, Boston University

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